Mixed Metal Oxide Anodes are made of a titanium substrate that is coated with mixed metal oxides. The coating is applied by several thermal processes on the titanium base to create a chemical resistant layer. Due to the inherent stability of titanium, this coating achieves the best performance of the anode by strengthening the conductivity of the anode.
MMO anodes have advantages such as very low consumption rate and high current density. Low anode consumption rate causes the anode dimensions to remain almost constant over the life time of the anode. Therefore, these anodes are widely used in impressed current cathodic protection systems for land and marine structures. The current density and life time of the MMO anodes in the cathodic protection system can be seen in the table below.
The MMO anode is used in the cathodic protection system in various types of tubes, ribbons, meshes, wires and plates. The MMO anode can be used effectively in all environments such as soil, fresh water and salt water. Depending on the environment in which the anode is located, two types of coatings are considered for the anode. In soil and fresh water, iridium-tantalum coating is used and in salt water, iridium-tantalum-ruthenium coating is used. The anode current density in soil, coke or fresh water is 100Amps m2 and in salt water is 600Amps m2.
Typical Applications
The most widely standards for MMO anodes are:
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